{"id":167,"date":"2021-06-06T20:50:59","date_gmt":"2021-06-06T20:50:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/?page_id=167"},"modified":"2022-02-07T22:15:08","modified_gmt":"2022-02-07T22:15:08","slug":"digital-research-project-blog","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/?page_id=167","title":{"rendered":"Digital Research Project Blog"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_section et_pb_section_0 et_pb_with_background  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_section_regular et_block_section\" >\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_0  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_0  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong><span style=\"color: #333333;text-decoration: underline\">Digital Project Blog<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_1  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_1  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_1  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #333333\">\u00a0Research and content by:<\/span><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333\"><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h6><strong><span style=\"color: #333333\">Ben Elliott | MA History of Art student at University of York <em>(York, United Kingdom)\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Ben Elliott is an MA History of Art student at the University of York. Previously, he read for a bachelors in English Literature and History of Art also at York. His master's was funded by The Worshipful Company of Art Scholars, (a City of London livery company) where he was an MA Art Scholar. He has volunteer and intern experience with York Art Gallery, Yorkshire Museum, Leeds Art Gallery and Tennants Auctioneers, the latter seeing him chiefly working with the furniture and pictures departments. Specialising in 18th and 19th century British painting in conjunction with military &amp; maritime history his research has seen him develop interests extending to the English country house, collecting culture and design history. He is now undertaking a year-long traineeship in the library of Pembroke College, University of Oxford where he will also undertake research into Pembroke\u2019s special collections and rare books; as well as learning transferable skills in cataloguing, collections management and learning &amp; engagement. It is at Pembroke where Ben hopes to further his love for working with objects, collections and curating information in innovative forms for researchers, academics and students alike; skills this research studentship honed.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h6><strong><span style=\"color: #333333\">Heath Ballowe | MA Decorative Arts, Design History and Material Culture student <\/span>at <span style=\"color: #333333\">Bard Graduate Center <em>(New York City, USA)<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/h6>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #333333\"><em><\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Heath Ballowe is an MA student at the Bard Graduate Center, in New York City, studying Decorative Art, Design History and Material Culture. He received a Masters in Fine Art (MFA) with a focus in Printmaking from the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) in 2010, a collegiate teaching certification from Brown University in 2009 and Bachelors in Fine Art (BFA) from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (Virginia Tech.) in 2006. He has taught at the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence, Rhode Island and Moore College of Art and Design in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Additionally, he has managed multiple private and public art collections including The Clay Studio cataloging project in Philadelphia, supported by The Luce Foundation for American Art. His current research is focused on 18th and 19th century, Decorative Art and Furniture. His primary interest centers on Printmaking and Ceramics and how they have influenced the fields of Decorative Art and Design History.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">\n<h5>Curatorial consultant and project advisor:<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h6><b><span>Eleanor Brooke-Peat \u2013 Assistant Curator, Castle Howard (North Yorkshire, United Kingdom)<\/span><\/b><\/h6>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><span>Eleanor Brooke-Peat joined the Castle Howard Curatorial team as Assistant Curator in 2017. She received a Masters in Art Gallery &amp; Museum Studies from the University of Leeds in 2010, and had previously been awarded First Class (Hons) in Classical Civilisations from the same university in 2006. Eleanor moved to Castle Howard following six years with the Collections Team at Chatsworth, and has a background in running documentation projects and establishing collections databases. She is currently also a Trustee with Malton Museum. Specialising in country house collections, with a focus on 18th<\/span><span> and 19th<\/span><span>\u00a0century decorative arts and interior decoration and furnishing, Eleanor\u2019s current research is centred around the historic wallpaper collection at Castle Howard. She is keen to promote a wider understanding of furniture within the Castle Howard collection, and has been delighted to support this digital research project in collaboration with the Furniture History Society and British and Irish Furniture Makers Online (BIFMO).<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_2  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_2  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_2  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><div class=\"adn ads\" data-message-id=\"#msg-f:1705310095947539483\" data-legacy-message-id=\"17aa7a7f44d7241b\">\n<div class=\"gs\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div id=\":1e5\" class=\"ii gt\">\n<div id=\":1e4\" class=\"a3s aiL \">\n<h5><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Thirteenth Blog<\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><\/span><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong><\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<h6><strong>Discussing The Long Gallery and its furnishings with Sarah Medlam 2021\/06\/22<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h6>\n<div dir=\"auto\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Sarah Medlam is Curator Emeritus in the Department of Furniture, Textiles and Fashion at the Victoria and Albert Museum, having retired as Deputy Keeper in 2012. Before joining the Museum in 1992 she was in charge of the Furniture and Woodwork Collections at the Bowes Museum in Barnard Castle, Co Durham, where she worked primarily with French decorative arts, including furniture and textiles. At the V&amp;A she continued to work on European furniture but from 1996 to 2001 she was the Deputy Curator on the British Galleries Project, where her particular responsibilities included the work on the Period Rooms, including the re-installation of the Norfolk House Music Room.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"947\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7303.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_7303\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7303.jpg 827w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7303-480x550.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 827px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-835\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_3  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_3_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_3  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_3  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>For this last portion of our blog we will summarize a conversation BIFMO arranged for us with Sarah Medlam. Sarah Medlam has had an incredible career creating museum exhibitions, including the design and construction of the British Galleries at the Victoria &amp; Albert museum. Medlam contributed an essay to the publication, <em>The Making of the British Galleries at the V&amp;A: A Study in Museology<\/em>. In the essay she wrote about the importance of color and lighting in the construction of <em>period rooms<\/em>. Based on Sarah Medlam\u2019s experience we came to her with a few questions in mind. The questions served as an outline for our talk and led to some interesting discussion.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>- Can you talk about the role of period rooms in museums and historical architecture?<\/p>\n<p>-What is your thinking process when you begin conceiving an exhibition design for a museum?<\/p>\n<p>- What role does historic accuracy play in the construction of a period room?<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"828\" height=\"899\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7306.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_7306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7306.jpg 828w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7306-480x521.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 828px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-838\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_2_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"513\" height=\"1125\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7305.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_7305\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7305.jpg 513w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7305-480x1053.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 513px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-837\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_4  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_5  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_4  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>The discussion began with a brief review of our research, findings and our suggestions for the gallery looking forward. Sarah was very interested on how we interpreted the information available to us. After looking at some of the images we gave her she noticed something that we failed to see. She saw when comparing the chimney pieces in Tatham\u2019s printed elevations to the Jackson painting and later photographs of The Long Gallery, that there is a significant difference. Tatham\u2019s elevations present a far grander image of the fireplace. Upon further investigation nearly all of the the documentation of the Gallery, other than Tatham\u2019s prints, the fireplace surrounds appear as they do today, one relatively simple fossil marble structure and another with a shallow relief structure that references Tatham\u2019s image. In Tatham\u2019s elevation the fireplace is flanked by, what appear to be, Egyptian revival style columns topped by a substantial capital. This would have made the fireplaces more substantial if they had been completed in their entirety. The addition of the mantle embellishment would have been a dynamic addition to the architecture of The Long Gallery. <em>After the discussion, to prepare this blog post we noticed that one end of the gallery does in fact include what might be the completed mantle. <\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_5  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_6  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"693\" height=\"857\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7310.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_7310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7310.jpg 693w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7310-480x594.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 693px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-841\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_7  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"632\" height=\"773\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7307.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_7307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7307.jpg 632w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7307-480x587.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 632px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-839\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_8  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"826\" height=\"880\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7304.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_7304\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7304.jpg 826w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7304-480x511.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 826px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-836\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_6  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_9  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_5  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>When we began looking at the information we were provided early in The Long Gallery project we were particularly intrigued by the paint analysis that revealed the faux marble skirt moldings that Tatham designed for the space. The effect was particularly difficult for us to imagine since neither of us were familiar with a space that incorporated the technique. Sarah suggested that we take a look at images of <em>The Serilly Cabinet c.1778,<\/em> that now resides at the Victoria &amp; Albert Museum to better understand the appearance of faux marbled skirt moldings.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_7  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_10  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_6\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"522\" height=\"791\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7220.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_7220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7220.jpg 522w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7220-480x727.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 522px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-834\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_11  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_7\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7219.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_7219\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7219.jpg 827w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/IMG_7219-480x344.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 827px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-833\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_6  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h6><strong><em>The Serilly Cabinet <\/em><\/strong><\/h6>\n<h6><em>c.1778<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0<\/h6>\n<h6>Victoria &amp; Albert Museum<\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_8  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_12  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_7  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Sarah suggested that the use of the marbling technique was common in French interiors late in the eighteenth century (Like <em>The Serilly Cabinet<\/em>). The appearance of the moldings in The Long Gallery reveals that Tatham was influenced by French design when he was conceiving his work for Castle Howard. Sarah pointed out that the skirt moldings in The Serilly Cabinet are only about four inches high, while the ones in The Long Gallery are around eight inches tall. The taller skirt moldings, painted to match the fireplaces, would have been a dramatic feature in the Gallery. \u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_9  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_13  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_8\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"560\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/29518-large.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"29518-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/29518-large.jpg 560w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/08\/29518-large-480x435.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 560px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-855\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_14  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_8  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h6><em>Ground floor plan of the Museum, British Galleries shown in black<\/em><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_10  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_15  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_9  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Sarah Medlam generously gave us two hours of her time to answer our questions and reflect on her experience creating exhibitions. One of the most fruitful exchanges came when we asked Sarah about the thinking process when designing a gallery space or Period Room.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heath:<\/strong> <em>Could you explain your thinking as you design an exhibition space with historic objects and furniture? How do you balance historical accuracy and create an enticing exhibition space and what is the role of period rooms today?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sarah Medlam:<\/strong> <em>Well, generally speaking, you only go for elements of historical accuracy outside of period rooms. Now, period rooms are a separate issue. In the general galleries the important thing is that people can see things and read the labels. Lighting is very important; the other thing that I think is very important is color. I think color and lighting help people to feel a period even when they don't really understand why they're feeling it. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>For most museums, which have a lot of objects to show, you can't do historically accurate displays. Even in the period rooms included in the British galleries [at the V&amp;A] we had to deal with the rooms in various ways, and it required a huge amount of pragmatism because you can only work with what you've got. For many museums for instance, they don't have full sets of furniture. They might have a pair [of chairs] if you're lucky and if you're very lucky, you might have six chairs. You can't order it off the shelf. You can\u2019t just recreate a room that started off with a set of 18 chairs, a dining table, two side tables and a wine cooler. You just can't do it. So you have to accept that. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Period rooms have great power, whether they\u2019re are in a museum or in somewhere like Castle Howard. They give people great pleasure for all sorts of different reasons. One of which is simply the sense, that for many people, these large and glamorous rooms are so unlike regular places of abode. You can see museum visitors living through their fancies like they're in a film. It's a very innocent pleasure and one can give people that pleasure. It may have precious little to do with history or what we know intellectually about an object.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_11  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_16  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_10  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Twelfth Blog<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h6><strong>Discussing The Long Gallery and its furnishings with Rufus Bird 2021\/06\/16<\/strong><\/h6>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Rufus Bird is the head of development for the Heritage and Valuations Division at Duke's Auctioneers. He served as Surveyor of The Queen\u2019s Works of Art from 2018 until 2021 and as Deputy Surveyor of The Queen\u2019s Works of Art from 2010 until 2017.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Prior to joining Royal Collection Trust, Rufus was a Director at Christie\u2019s London, working in the Furniture Department where he was responsible for a number of important private collection and country house auctions. He was a major contributor to the scholarly catalogue of the remarkable contents of Dumfries House, which included the exceptional corpus of furniture by Thomas Chippendale commissioned by the Earl of Dumfries.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">Rufus has published and lectured widely on the decorative arts. He is a co-author of Jean-Henri Riesener: Cabinetmaker to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, published in 2020 and was co-curator of the highly acclaimed exhibition Charles II: Art &amp; Power at The Queen\u2019s Gallery, Buckingham Palace, 2017-18. \u00a0He is also one of the three authors of the forthcoming official history of St James\u2019s Palace; he oversaw the three-volume publication by John Ayers,\u00a0Chinese and Japanese Works of Art in the Collection of HM The Queen, 2016, which saw the publication of over 2,000 Asian works of art in the Royal Collection.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">He is well known in both the art trade and across the international museum community and has lectured across the world, at institutions including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Frick Collection in New York, at the White House Historical Association in Washington D.C., at the Oriental Ceramic Society of Hong Kong, the Min Chiu Society in Hong Kong, the Oriental Ceramic Society of London, and regularly at The Queen\u2019s Gallery. He has appeared on BBC television and radio documentaries including The First Georgians (2014) presented by Lucy Worsley and Art, Passion &amp; Power: The Story of the Royal Collection (2018) presented by Andrew Graham-Dixon.<\/p>\n<p>-Duke's Auctioneers , ed. \u201cRUFUS BIRD JOINS DUKE'S FROM THE ROYAL COLLECTION.\u201d Duke's Auctions, June 22, 2021. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dukes-auctions.com\/stories\/2021\/06\/22\/rufus-bird-joins-dukes-from-the-royal-collection\">https:\/\/www.dukes-auctions.com\/stories\/2021\/06\/22\/rufus-bird-joins-dukes-from-the-royal-collection<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_12  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_17  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_9\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1316\" height=\"901\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.23.11-AM.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Screen Shot 2021-07-16 at 11.23.11 AM\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.23.11-AM.jpg 1316w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.23.11-AM-1280x876.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.23.11-AM-980x671.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.23.11-AM-480x329.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1316px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-827\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_13  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_18  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_11  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>The Long Gallery Digital Research project has allowed us to piece together this website using a variety of sources. BIFMO made it possible for us to speak with Rufus Bird and discuss our research and his extensive knowledge pertaining to C.H. Tatham\u2019s designs and the furniture that Tatham &amp; Co. and Tatham &amp; Bailey produced in the 18<sup>th<\/sup> and 19<sup>th<\/sup> centuries. Before we sat down to speak with Rufus we provided some of the images and documents that we were given for this project (featured on this site) and some prompts to let him know what we were interested in discussing. The conversation lasted for over 1.5 hours and it would be impossible to encapsulate the incredible generosity of Rufus Bird and what we took away from the opportunity to speak with such an important scholar.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In this post I will include images from the probates we sent Rufus before our talk (related to the Long Gallery and its furnishings), our advance questions and a single exchange that answers nearly all of the inquiries we sent.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>We want to thank Rufus Bird, BIFMO and the Furniture History Society for this amazing opportunity.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><em> <\/em><em>Charles Heathcote Tatham got his start by traveling in Italy to buy classical sculptures for wealthy English collectors. The 4<sup>th<\/sup> and 5<sup>th<\/sup> Earl of Carlisle collected antiquities for the collections in their homes. Can you offer incite to the motivations for collecting these objects and how related to the understanding of what it meant to be English in the 18<sup>th<\/sup> and 19<sup>th<\/sup> centries?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><em> <\/em><em>Tatham is known to have said his designs were \u201chigh quality, archeologically accurate and that that they maintained classical integrity\u201d. What do you think he meant by describing his work in that manner? How do you see that philosophy manifesting in his work?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><em> <\/em><em>Why do you think The Long Gallery was such a well received space when Tatham created it? How do you think the Long Gallery functioned early in the 19<sup>th<\/sup> century?<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Heath:<\/strong> <em>What exactly is Tatum referring to when he says archaeologically accurate?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rufus:<\/strong> <em>I think he is the first person who really takes it seriously, that's what's so interesting. His etchings are, for me, the most influential and important designer source published at the end of the 18th century. Their directive is almost unsurpassed, because when you think of the iconography that was used throughout the 18th century, and was imitated in the 19th century, it's only Tatum that provides any degree of archaeological accuracy. It is maintained throughout and it filters directly into furniture, silver and into everything. It is absolutely superb and the selection of objects is wonderful. So it's not only a design repository in terms of a printed source, it is also a physical source. This is that's why I find [C.H. Tatham] so interesting.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_14  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_2_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_19  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_12  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h6><em>4th Earl Probate Documents, related to The Long Gallery<\/em><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_3_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_20  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_10\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1392\" height=\"1840\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-12.00.26-PM.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Screen Shot 2021-07-16 at 12.00.26 PM\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-12.00.26-PM.png 1392w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-12.00.26-PM-1280x1692.png 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-12.00.26-PM-980x1295.png 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-12.00.26-PM-480x634.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1392px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-823\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_15  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_21  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_13  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h6><em>5th Earl Probate Documents, related to The Long Gallery<\/em><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_11\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1226\" height=\"488\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.57.32-AM.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Screen Shot 2021-07-16 at 11.57.32 AM\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.57.32-AM.png 1226w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.57.32-AM-980x390.png 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.57.32-AM-480x191.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1226px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-820\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_12\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1312\" height=\"824\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.58.57-AM.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Screen Shot 2021-07-16 at 11.58.57 AM\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.58.57-AM.png 1312w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.58.57-AM-1280x804.png 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.58.57-AM-980x615.png 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.58.57-AM-480x301.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1312px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-822\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_22  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_13\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1464\" height=\"1596\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.58.42-AM.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Screen Shot 2021-07-16 at 11.58.42 AM\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.58.42-AM.png 1464w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.58.42-AM-1280x1395.png 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.58.42-AM-980x1068.png 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-16-at-11.58.42-AM-480x523.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1464px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-821\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_16  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_23  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_14  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Eleventh Blog<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Where We Started and Our Suggested Implimentation of Historical Research<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When we applied for the chance to work on the digitial research project for <strong><em>Castle Howard - The Long Gallery and its Origional Appearance<\/em><\/strong> we were giving the following prompts:<\/p>\n<p><em>The Research Project Subjects have been chosen by the curators, which engage with the history of furniture and interiors in the context of design, trade and manufacture, and craft networks. Each topic is based on archival and published material from the house or collection. Students will be encouraged to explore the topic from a variety of perspectives and to develop it into a digital project of their own making, thus allowing students to consider different ways to engage with audiences.<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_17  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_2_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_24  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_14\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2010\" height=\"1494\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-11-at-12.01.06-PM.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Screen Shot 2021-07-11 at 12.01.06 PM\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-11-at-12.01.06-PM.png 2010w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-11-at-12.01.06-PM-1280x951.png 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-11-at-12.01.06-PM-980x728.png 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-11-at-12.01.06-PM-480x357.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2010px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-790\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_3_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_25  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_15  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em><strong>Castle Howard<\/strong> - The Long Gallery and its original appearance Using archival material, including the original elevation by the architect Henry Tatham and contemporary inventories, the project aims to recreate the original appearance of the long gallery and its furnishings. This could take the form of a blog or it could allow for a reconstruction based on the original plan of the gallery. There is also a set of tables, which were in the Long Gallery and where the question lies as to whether they are original 18th century versions or copies created by Tatham. Students will be able to access a copy of the elevation, a 19th century painting and black and white photographs. <\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_18  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_26  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_15\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2932\" height=\"1910\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-19-at-11.05.34-AM.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Screen Shot 2021-06-19 at 11.05.34 AM\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-19-at-11.05.34-AM.png 2932w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-19-at-11.05.34-AM-1280x834.png 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-19-at-11.05.34-AM-980x638.png 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-19-at-11.05.34-AM-480x313.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2932px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-791\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_16  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong><em>Side by side comparison of:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em> Oil painting by John Jackson c.1810 (on left) and 'A Roman Capriccio' by Giovanni Paolo Panini c.1740 (on right)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_27  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_16\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3048\" height=\"1970\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-19-at-10.51.59-AM.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Screen Shot 2021-06-19 at 10.51.59 AM\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-19-at-10.51.59-AM.png 3048w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-19-at-10.51.59-AM-1280x827.png 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-19-at-10.51.59-AM-980x633.png 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-19-at-10.51.59-AM-480x310.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 3048px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-792\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_17  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong><em>Side by side comparison of:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em> British Railways image from the 'England's Stately Homes'\u00a0 advertising campaign c.1950s (on left) and 'A Roman Capriccio' by Giovanni Paolo Panini c.1738 (on right)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_19  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_28  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_18  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>What We Suggest Moving Forward<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are a plethora of possible options for The Long Gallery looking forward. There is no right or wrong answer to how The Long Gallery should appear in its next iteration and this proposal only offers one suggestion. At the beginning of this project we were told that The Long Gallery was due for a facelift. For these changes the curators expressed interest in considering Charles Heathcoat Tatham\u2019s 1811 printed elevations as the project moved forward. There are a variety of things to consider with regard to the \u201coriginal appearance\u201d of the gallery and our suggested implementation keeps those in mind.<\/p>\n<p>Our suggested plan for relating the appearance of the gallery to Tatham\u2019s design begins with the appearance of the walls. As articulated within this blog, in 2012 conservator Jane Davies was employed by Castle Howard staff to take a series of historical paint analysis samples. During these studies she reached a convincing understanding of the paint that was applied to the walls during the period that Tatham was creating the space. We believe that Jane Davies findings should be used to return the walls to the way they appeared early in the nineteenth century. Before beginning the process of repainting however, we recommend bringing Jane Davies back into the fold to gain a clear understanding of her findings. Furthermore we believe it would be valuable to hear her strategies, as a conservator, to achieve accurate application of the paint.<\/p>\n<p>Based on our understanding of the paint analysis results, the outcome of repainting the walls would transform the 1980s \u201cPeach-puff\u201d wall color to a stone gray. The walls would be framed by faux \u201cfossil-marble\u201d skirt moldings and off white arch moldings. We would recommend that this paint treatment be taken across the entirety of The Long Gallery.<\/p>\n<p>The next part of our strategy addresses the arrangement of furnishings within The Long Gallery. Our opinions on furniture arrangement differ from the strict adherence to historical accuracy that would be employed with the walls. Due to the fact that there is no certainty that C.H. Tatham\u2019s design was ever completed or reflected the 1811 printed elevations, we feel that aiming to replicate the prints would be dishonest. Based on the collection of art, furniture and antiquities that remain at Castle Howard we believe that the east wall of the south end of The Long Gallery could easily be reconstructed to reflect Tatham\u2019s design and offer incite to his point of view as a designer. This would additionally allow visitors to comprehend the design tradition that emerged around the Grand Tour.<\/p>\n<p>Our vision for the north end of The Long Gallery would reflect the continually evolving nature of the gallery and Castle Howard at large. This space would allow The Long Gallery to restore its reputation as a place for learning about history. To do this it could serve as a space to exhibit art objects alongside the printed elevations of the gallery and historical photographs of the room in its different iterations.<\/p>\n<p>The north end of the gallery could also serve as a central location to communicate the continuing process of preserving the entirety of Castle Howard, such as those areas affected by fire damage, water damage and time. Historic preservation is an important part of England\u2019s cultural heritage and this space would be intended to communicate that to Castle Howard Visitors and emerging scholars.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_17\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2858\" height=\"1450\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-11-at-12.11.56-PM.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Screen Shot 2021-07-11 at 12.11.56 PM\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-11-at-12.11.56-PM.png 2858w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-11-at-12.11.56-PM-1280x649.png 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-11-at-12.11.56-PM-980x497.png 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-11-at-12.11.56-PM-480x244.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2858px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-802\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_20  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_29  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_19  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Tenth Blog<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Tatham's Long Gallery: Somewhere Between Fantasy and Reality<\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_21  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_30  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_20  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>When Charles Heathcote Tatham walked into The Long Gallery at Castle Howard to begin one of the most important commissions of his career, it is hard to imagine how he saw it. The sprawling space must have seemed like a blank canvas with its vaulted ceilings and ample natural light flooding in from a set of windows that spread across the east facing wall.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tatham had met his client, the 5th Earl of Carlisle, while traveling in Italy and they shared a mutual passion for Classical sculpture and the archeological ruins being excavated late in the eighteenth century. Collecting Classical and Hellenistic sculpture was a popular trend for aristocratic English men returning from their Grand Tours abroad. It is no coincidence that when Tatham accepted his commission, the 7th Earl of Elgin was famously importing the Parthenon Marbles (sometimes called the Elgin Marbles) from Greece.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Collecting art had long been a popular pastime for wealthy English gentlemen, but the Grand Tour turned their attention to the collection of antiquities. In the 1730s, the Society of the Dilettante was formed by a group of antiquarians. <span>The purpose of the organization was said to promote the arts that they encountered on their travels, taking inspiration from well-known organizations like the Freemasons and the Hell Fire Club<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><span>[1]<\/span><\/a><span>. Membership was offered to an elite group of English gentlemen, but Horace Walpole famously listed the only real requirement as being drunk<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><span>[2]<\/span><\/a><span>. <\/span>The <span>Dilettanti were chronicled by their fellow society member Thomas Patch in his satirical painting, <em>A Gathering of the<\/em><\/span><em> Dilettanti<\/em><span><em> Around the Medici Venus<\/em><\/span><span>. Patch paints a meeting of his brethren in a Florentine gallery mingling amongst masterpieces of Italian sculpture. The nineteen gentlemen are painted in a largely playful manner, congregating in brightly colored suits in a fictious gallery. One figure, believed to be the artist himself, is shown boldly scaling the Medici Venus to take measurements of her physique. The painting was not created to mock or defame the men featured in the work. It was intended to celebrate and record the friendship and the society they created together<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><span>[3]<\/span><\/a><span>. <\/span>The satirical slant of English travelers to Italy was embraced by the upper-class and the Dilettante, which had associations to both the 4th and 5th Earl, began to influence the design of English estates.<a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><span><\/span><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_31  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_18\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Parthenon-800.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Parthenon-800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Parthenon-800.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Parthenon-800-980x552.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Parthenon-800-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1000px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-770\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_21  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h5><em><strong>Parthenon Marbles<\/strong><\/em><\/h5>\n<h5><em>447BC-432BC<\/em><\/h5>\n<h5><em>British Museum Collection<\/em><\/h5><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_19\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"450\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/cms_267120.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"cms 267120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/cms_267120.jpg 450w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/cms_267120-300x176.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" class=\"wp-image-769\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_22  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h6><em><strong>A Gathering of the Dilettanti around the Medici Venus<\/strong><\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>Thomas Patch<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>1761<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>Basildon Park Museum<\/em><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_22  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_32  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_23  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>This information answers the two of the most important questions we asked ourselves when we began our research into the Long Gallery. What drove the creation of the Long Gallery and how is a visitor meant to interact with the space?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Through our investigation, we have concluded that the Long Gallery was a space to show the education and experience that C.H. Tatham and the 5<sup>th<\/sup> Earl acquired abroad. The room achieved this by serving as an exhibition space for the art and antiquities acquired by the Earls of Carlisle. In previous centuries, this space might have been designed as curiosity cabinet, creating the impression that the owner of the space was a learned man that was worthy of admiration and respect. Early in the nineteen century, these spaces manifested as galleries.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The next questions we wanted answers to were about Tatham\u2019s design specifically. What did Tatham bring to the table as a designer? Furthermore, why did the Long Gallery leave such a profound impression on visitors in the nineteenth century, and what made the space unique amongst the sculpture and painting galleries created in the period. Tatham conceived his design as a place that would embody the early nineteenth century view of what the classical world would have looked like. Like many other designers at the time, Tatham believed that Ancient Rome was an austere place built with luxuries stone and marble packed with beautiful white marble sculptures. This belief has of course been revised to a more accurate one but Tatham used his nineteenth century, understanding of ancient culture as the inspiration for the Long Gallery.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Now, take a step back from any other interpretation you might have had of the Long Gallery\u2019s appearance and consider it as a space to exhibit classical objects and sculpture. This is the assessment that we should begin with. This point of view makes the Long Gallery significantly easier to understand. Now try to envision what early archeologists and travelers must have thought when they saw the ruins of Ancient Rome and Greece for the first time. Tatham\u2019s design was not the accurately built Roman space he thought it was. The Long Gallery was an accurate reconstruction of how an Englishman <em>imagined<\/em> Ancient Rome to look.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><span>[1]<\/span><\/a> Bruce Redford, <em>Dilettanti: The Antic and the Antique in Eighteenth-Century England<\/em> (Malibu, CA: J. Paul Getti Museum, 2008) 1-2.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><span>[2]<\/span><\/a> Redford, <em>Dilettanti. <\/em>7-8.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><span>[3]<\/span><\/a> National Trust, \u201cA Gathering of the Dilettanti around the Medici Venus,\u201d National Trust, 2015, http:\/\/www.nationaltrustcollections.org.uk\/object\/267120.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_23  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_33  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_24  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Ninth Blog<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Brief Review of Amature of Paint Analysis Sample Testing<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_20\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"892\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FD5520B0-F428-4FD9-88DF-E1D260851CC0-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" title=\"FD5520B0-F428-4FD9-88DF-E1D260851CC0\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FD5520B0-F428-4FD9-88DF-E1D260851CC0-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FD5520B0-F428-4FD9-88DF-E1D260851CC0-1280x446.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FD5520B0-F428-4FD9-88DF-E1D260851CC0-980x341.jpeg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FD5520B0-F428-4FD9-88DF-E1D260851CC0-480x167.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2560px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-715\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_24  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_34  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_25  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>This blog post will refer back to information covered in the sixth blog on this page. The paint analysis is an incredably important resource when trying to relate to different eras of the Long Gallery. In 2012, conservator, Jane Davies did painstaking work that offers a window into Tatham's original design.<\/p>\n<p>The tests in this post are done from an amature's point of view and more testing would need to be completed before anyone undertook efforsts to restore what would have been applied to the walls and moldings in the Long Gallery of 1811.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_35  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_21\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/15D9D688-6BDF-4B43-8C7C-AB19BE9C6D28.jpeg\" alt=\"\" title=\"15D9D688-6BDF-4B43-8C7C-AB19BE9C6D28\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/15D9D688-6BDF-4B43-8C7C-AB19BE9C6D28.jpeg 827w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/15D9D688-6BDF-4B43-8C7C-AB19BE9C6D28-480x261.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 827px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-722\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_25  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_36  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_22\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2106\" height=\"2337\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/4C446FAA-AD1C-4DA1-8237-3053B25EF088.jpeg\" alt=\"\" title=\"4C446FAA-AD1C-4DA1-8237-3053B25EF088\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/4C446FAA-AD1C-4DA1-8237-3053B25EF088.jpeg 2106w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/4C446FAA-AD1C-4DA1-8237-3053B25EF088-1280x1420.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/4C446FAA-AD1C-4DA1-8237-3053B25EF088-980x1087.jpeg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/4C446FAA-AD1C-4DA1-8237-3053B25EF088-480x533.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2106px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-733\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_37  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_26  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>The most bewildering part of the paint analysis is the description of the wall face. \"<em>Off-white\/pale stone oil based paint containing lead white, yellow ocre and carbon black pigments only oil-rich undercoats<\/em>\". In this sample test I used a layering method to see what happens with a series of undercoats in acrylic paint. To narrow down an accurate apperance of the wall face, further consultation would need to be had with Jane Davies to explain exactly what she was articulating in her description. We do not assume that the paint swatch in this post is in any way correct but are an approximation of what the walls looked like in 1811.<\/p>\n<p>The second paint test undertaken for this post was an investigation of the faux marbel technique applied to the skirting and moldings. The paint analysis describes the apperance as: \"<em>Marbling? Varnish over pinky grey, containing lead white, vermilion and black on warm grey ground containing white, red lead, black and a little vermilion on grey undercoat<\/em>\".\u00a0 The paint analysis further describes the method as an attempt to replicate the apperance of the <em>fossil marble fireplace surrounds<\/em> in the Long Gallery. For this test small samples of a similar type of fossil marble were examined along with images of the marble from the paint analysis. We were additionally fortuinate to have images of the painted finish in a degraded state from the paint analysis.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_26  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_38  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_23\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1625\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/08F5D292-383B-4667-9706-DDBDFF46ADD6-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" title=\"08F5D292-383B-4667-9706-DDBDFF46ADD6\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/08F5D292-383B-4667-9706-DDBDFF46ADD6-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/08F5D292-383B-4667-9706-DDBDFF46ADD6-1280x813.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/08F5D292-383B-4667-9706-DDBDFF46ADD6-980x622.jpeg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/08F5D292-383B-4667-9706-DDBDFF46ADD6-480x305.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2560px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-716\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_39  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_24\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/DA2582A1-B7E9-4DE8-80B4-5CD8E4DE08B9-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" title=\"DA2582A1-B7E9-4DE8-80B4-5CD8E4DE08B9\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/DA2582A1-B7E9-4DE8-80B4-5CD8E4DE08B9-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/DA2582A1-B7E9-4DE8-80B4-5CD8E4DE08B9-1280x960.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/DA2582A1-B7E9-4DE8-80B4-5CD8E4DE08B9-980x735.jpeg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/DA2582A1-B7E9-4DE8-80B4-5CD8E4DE08B9-480x360.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2560px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-719\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_40  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_25\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1044\" height=\"594\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/75C16A05-5CEA-493B-8CA1-62AAC61816EA.jpeg\" alt=\"\" title=\"75C16A05-5CEA-493B-8CA1-62AAC61816EA\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/75C16A05-5CEA-493B-8CA1-62AAC61816EA.jpeg 1044w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/75C16A05-5CEA-493B-8CA1-62AAC61816EA-980x558.jpeg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/75C16A05-5CEA-493B-8CA1-62AAC61816EA-480x273.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1044px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-720\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_27  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_41  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_27  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Eighth Blog<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Palladian Archatecture, Design and Collecting<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><em>Figure 1 and Figure 2 (Graphs) drawn from:<strong> British Travelers in Eighteenth-Century Italy: The Grand Tour and the Profession of Architecture<\/strong>\u00a0<\/em>by Giovanna Ceserani, Giorgio Caviglia, Nicole Coleman, Thea De Armond, Sarah Murray, and Molly Taylor-Poleskey. British Travelers in Eighteenth-Century Italy: The Grand Tour and the Profession of Architecture.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Throughout our study of the Long Gallery, we have established that Charles Heathcote Tatham gained his design inspiration through his experience on the Grand Tour. There is further evidence that he acquired most of his connections and clients while traveling abroad as well<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><span>[1]<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The Grand Tour brought an increased awareness of classical traditions in architecture and design and Tatham positioned himself in the center of it. As previously noted, Tatham embarked on his Grand Tour between 1794 and 1796. It is important to understand that becoming a successful English designer or architect late in the eighteenth century, demanded an expertise in the art and design of the classical world.<\/p>\n<p>Tatham was not the first English designer to travel to Italy with the goal of learning about Ancient Rome, to build connections with wealthy Grand Tourists and lay the groundwork for future clients. The trail had been blazed by the likes of Inigo Jones (1573-1652), Willian Kent (1685-1792) and Robert Adam (1728-1792) before Tatham ever set foot on Italian soil but at the age of 22 he managed to work himself into the same social circles as his predecessors<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><span>[2]<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\" style=\"color: #993300\">[1]<\/a> Tania Buckrell Pos, \u201cTatham and Italy: Influances on English Neo-Classical Design,\u201d JSTOR (The Furniture History Society, 2002), http:\/\/www.jstor.com\/stable\/23409190, 60.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\" style=\"color: #993300\">[2]<\/a> Giovanna Ceserani et al., \u201cBritish Travelers in Eighteenth-Century Italy: The Grand Tour and the Profession of Architecture,\u201d <em>The American Historical Review<\/em> 122, no. 2 (2017): pp. 425-450, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ahr\/122.2.425, 446.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_26\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1520\" height=\"1258\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-26-at-1.25.56-PM.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Screen Shot 2021-06-26 at 1.25.56 PM\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-26-at-1.25.56-PM.jpg 1520w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-26-at-1.25.56-PM-1280x1059.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-26-at-1.25.56-PM-980x811.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-26-at-1.25.56-PM-480x397.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1520px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-657\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_28  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Though Tatham\u2019s introduction to the archeological sites in Italy was late in the timeline of English travelers in the eighteenth century, he was a quick study. Tatham was fortunate to be introduced to one of the best-known dealers of Italian antiquities Thomas Jenkins (1722-1798) in 1795 and soon made the acquaintance of Thomas Hamilton (1730-1803), a prolific collector of Italian art. These relationships allowed him the opportunity to visit archeological sites at Herculaneum, Pompeii Vesuvius and Paestum. Tatham wrote about the experience in his <em>Reminiscences<\/em> saying, \u201capproaching the Temples my mind became so much expanded from the contemplation of columns of such grand dimensions that I received an impression I have never forgotten. The Greeks were wonderful people, they knew too well how simplicity with vastness and continuousness produced sublimity\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><span>[1]<\/span><\/a>. This quote offers insight to Tatham\u2019s interest in the simplicity of Classical and Hellenistic design and the fascination would continue as he attempted to create designs to reflect it.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\" style=\"color: #993300\">[1]<\/a> Buckrell, \u201cTatham and Italy\u201d, 60.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_27\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1276\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6488-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_6488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6488-1.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6488-1-1280x1089.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6488-1-980x834.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6488-1-480x408.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1500px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-671\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_29  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>As you can see from the two graphs featured above Tatham faced significant competition for commissions in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century, England. Tatham would have to find a way to differentiate himself from the pack if he was to succeed and his design philosophy was simple and apparent in what he created. Tatham insisted on having quality designs that were archeologically accurate and maintained true classical integrity <a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><span>[1]<\/span><\/a>. This is a rather abstract description but is better understood by considering what C.H. Tatham said of England\u2019s most famous designer, Robert Adam, and his designs after his death in 1792, \u201ca style productive of great fatigue to the designer \u2026 and an infinite expense to the purse of the employer\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><span>[2]<\/span><\/a>. This statement is largely dismissive of an icon of English design but is indicative of the competitive nature of designers in the late eighteenth century society.<\/p>\n<p>Tatham\u2019s work hit a turning point when he was asked to design a country house for Mr. George Hankin in 1795. Within the design he introduced Paestum columns in the portico (which was considered revolutionary choice at the time). The Greek style columns allowed him to incorporate historical design motifs from outside Italy into his work. However, Tatham did express his great love for Rome saying that it was the \u201cGreat crown of Grand Tourist travels,\u201d and when he saw Rome said, \u201conly now do I begin to live\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><span>[3]<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>By the time the 5<sup>th<\/sup> Earl of Carlisle asked Tatham to create a design for the Long Gallery, he was an experienced designer with a refined style. I will articulate Tatham\u2019s point of view by showing his work in contrast to other designers fabricating designs for similar spaces.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\" style=\"color: #993300\">[1]<\/a> Buckrell, \u201cTatham and Italy\u201d, 62.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\" style=\"color: #993300\">[2]<\/a> Robert Adam and Steven Parissien, <em>Adam Style<\/em> (Washington, DC: Preservation Press, 1992), 78.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><span>[3]<\/span><\/a> Buckrell, \u201cTatham and Italy\u201d, 60-61.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_28  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_42  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_28\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1254\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/The-side-of-a-Cube-Room-1727.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Flitcroft, Henry; Fourdrinier, Paul; Kent, William; The side of a Cube Room\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/The-side-of-a-Cube-Room-1727.jpg 1254w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/The-side-of-a-Cube-Room-1727-980x1563.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/The-side-of-a-Cube-Room-1727-480x766.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1254px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-675\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_30  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h6><em>William Kent (1685-1748)<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>The side of a Cube Room<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>c.1727<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>Royal Academy Collection<\/em><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_43  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_29\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1250\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Rooms-at-the-houses-of-Lord-Arundel-and-Lord-Burlington-1727.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Flitcroft, Henry; Fourdrinier, Paul; Kent, William; Rooms at the houses of Lord Arundel and Lord Burlington\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Rooms-at-the-houses-of-Lord-Arundel-and-Lord-Burlington-1727.jpg 1250w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Rooms-at-the-houses-of-Lord-Arundel-and-Lord-Burlington-1727-980x1568.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Rooms-at-the-houses-of-Lord-Arundel-and-Lord-Burlington-1727-480x768.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1250px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-676\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_31  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h6><em>William Kent (1685-1748)<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>Rooms at the houses of Lord Arundel<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>c.1727<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>Royal Academy Collection<\/em><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_44  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_30\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1226\" height=\"2000\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Chimney-piece-at-Houghton-Hall-1727.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Flitcroft, Henry; Fourdrinier, Paul; Kent, William; Chimney-piece at Houghton Hall\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Chimney-piece-at-Houghton-Hall-1727.jpg 1226w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Chimney-piece-at-Houghton-Hall-1727-980x1599.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Chimney-piece-at-Houghton-Hall-1727-480x783.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1226px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-677\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_32  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h6><em>William Kent (1685-1748)<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>Chimney-piece at Houghton Hall<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>c.1727<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>Royal Academy Collection<\/em><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_29  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_45  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_31\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1636\" height=\"1052\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Design-for-the-Diningroom-of-the-Earl-of-Bective-Mellon-collection.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Design for the Diningroom of the Earl of Bective (Mellon collection)\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Design-for-the-Diningroom-of-the-Earl-of-Bective-Mellon-collection.png 1636w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Design-for-the-Diningroom-of-the-Earl-of-Bective-Mellon-collection-1280x823.png 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Design-for-the-Diningroom-of-the-Earl-of-Bective-Mellon-collection-980x630.png 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Design-for-the-Diningroom-of-the-Earl-of-Bective-Mellon-collection-480x309.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1636px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-683\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_33  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h6><em>Robert Adam (1728-1792)<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>Design for the Diningroom of the Earl of Bective c.1776<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>Collection of Mr. &amp; Mrs. Paul Mellon<\/em><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_46  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_32\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"982\" height=\"662\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-27-at-3.13.42-PM.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Screen Shot 2021-06-27 at 3.13.42 PM\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-27-at-3.13.42-PM.png 982w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-27-at-3.13.42-PM-980x661.png 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-27-at-3.13.42-PM-480x324.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 982px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-686\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_34  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h6><em>Robert Adam (1728-1792)<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>Section of the wall for a Diningroom <\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>c.1780<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>Private Collection<\/em><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_47  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_33\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"958\" height=\"670\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-27-at-3.13.16-PM.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Screen Shot 2021-06-27 at 3.13.16 PM\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-27-at-3.13.16-PM.png 958w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-27-at-3.13.16-PM-480x336.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 958px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-687\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_35  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h6><em>Robert Adam (1728-1792)<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>End wall for a Diningroom <\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>c.1780<\/em><\/h6>\n<h6><em>Private Collection<\/em><\/h6><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_30  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_48  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_36  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>If we compare the design Tatham created for the Long Gallery to the precedent set by other well-known designers who returned from a Grand Tour, we can see clear differences. Both William Kent and Robert Adam conceive designs that are inspired by what they and their clients saw when traveling abroad but they do not stop there. Adam and Kent exaggerate their neoclassical spaces by weaving in ornament that that resembles those seen in spaces from eighteenth century, France.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tatham\u2019s goal in the Long Gallery was to create a space that is more like what he encountered when buying classical antiquities for wealthy clients and would resemble the space Panini contrived in the large paintings he incorporated into the space. Tatham\u2019s design would have appeared restrained and (as he intended) more \u2018<em>archeologically accurate<\/em>\u2019. The furniture Tatham designed and selected drew attention to antiquities included in the gallery. Tatham\u2019s Long Gallery design allowed visitors to reflect on how far English society has risen so that they could claim the artwork produced in Ancient Rome as their own. \u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_31  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_3_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_49  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_34\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"562\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6498.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_6498\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6498.jpg 827w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6498-480x326.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 827px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-693\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_2_5 et_pb_column et_pb_column_50  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_37  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>The Little Gallery of Antiquities, Stoccolma Castello reale<\/strong><br \/><em>By P. Hillestr\u00f6m il Veccio (1732-1816)<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_32  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_51  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_38  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Seventh Blog<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>The Long Gallery: A\u00a0<\/strong><b>Performance<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Castle Howard is a performative building. The north front of the house (Fig. One) is extremely so. It is the first part of the house one sees as they walk up the grounds from the gatehouse, or, as famously depicted on numerous publicity photographs for the 1981 television adaption of Evelyn Waugh\u2019s novel <em>Brideshead Revisited<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Castle Howard's flamboyant and ostentatious north front is a 'picture' painted with stone; a picture which boastfully signals the building's playfulness both internally and externally. The north front is thus a performance of what architecture can be when in the hands of an outlandish architect. Designed by the architect, Sir John Vanbrugh, the North front features towering Doric pilaster columns. A pilaster is an ornamental column that offers no structural purpose. The Doric pilaster is used to adorn the north face to present a performance of masculinity, since Doric columns were usually characterised as male. In contrast, Castle Howard\u2019s south front (Fig. Two) is adorned in Corinthian order pilasters. The Corinthian column was typically characterised as feminine. Castle Howard's eagerness to perform is engrained into the interior as well, particularly, Tatham's Long Gallery. Since the Long Gallery's walls were finished in a 'builder's finish' of a stone coloured distemper between <span>1777 and 1801, followed by the Long Gallery's use as a storage space, Tatham had a blank canvas to work from.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The performative exteriors of Castle Howard are reflected in Tatham's interior design for the Long Gallery. In fact, Tatham embraces the performance of materials and space for his design scheme of the Long Gallery. As seen in Tatham's elevations, he encourages it too. Chiefly, his proposed hanging of Panini's <em>A Roman Capriccio<\/em><span> by Giovanni Paolo Panini (1738) and his second painting of the same name painted in 1740 (Fig. Three), of which we have referenced previously, signal this. In Tatham's eyes, his design for the Long Gallery was for the space to be a grandiose exhibition of ancient stone, perhaps remnants of the bygone Ancient Rome which fascinated the 5th Earl and his many travels to Italy and his subsequent personal collection of antiquities.\u00a0<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_33  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_52  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_35\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"769\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Fig-One-North-Front.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Fig One - North Front\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Fig-One-North-Front.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Fig-One-North-Front-980x736.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Fig-One-North-Front-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1024px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-518\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_39  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. One<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_53  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_36\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"947\" height=\"710\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Fig.-Two-South-Front.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Fig. Two - South Front\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Fig.-Two-South-Front.png 947w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Fig.-Two-South-Front-480x360.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 947px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-519\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_40  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Two<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_34  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_54  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_41  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>We can categorise the performative in the Long Gallery by looking at:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tatham\u2019s 1811 \u2018unfinished\u2019 elevation drawing which depicts a non-existent design. Yet, this 'unfinished' design elevation would still have been used to advertise his prowess as a designer since it was bound in the same folio of the 'finished' elevations. There is a performance of the architectural drawing versus actual design.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>The Panini paintings which Tatham designed the Long Gallery around: How does this correlate to the faux marble columns in the Long Gallery? Did Tatham want his Long Gallery to be an exhibition of stone and Ancient Rome? Does this link to the 5th Earl\u2019s Grand Tour and immense antiquities collection? Does this explain the Long Gallery\u2019s stone coloured walls which Tatham helped design?<\/li>\n<li>The performance of the phrase 'long gallery'. It is an evolving architectural term.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_35  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_55  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_42  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Tatham's Long Gallery design, as his elevations depict, was prominently framed by the Giovanni Paolo Panini paintings of an imagined, and ruined, Ancient Rome. Note figure three, Panini's roman capriccio painted in 1740. This painting was the subject of a previous blog and still hangs in the north end of the Long Gallery to this day. <em><\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Interestingly, the Panini paintings for the Long Gallery feature a bustling scattering of figures, all of whom inspect the ancient roman ruins in a <span>connoisseurly <\/span>pose (Fig. Four). The staffage of this 1740 painting reflects how Tatham and the 5th Earl envisioned the Long Gallery's design and intended function. The intended function of the Long Gallery may well have been a space for the connoisseur to meet and entertain in intellection conversation.<\/p>\n<p>This is cemented by the fact that both the 5th Earl (travelling to Italy on his Grand Tour in 1767-1768) and similarly, Tatham both undertook a Grand Tour.<\/p>\n<p>The architect, Henry Holland sponsored Tatham to go on a Grand Tour in 1794. Tatham sketched classical architecture and ruins for Holland, who could not take time away from his busy schedule to travel to Italy. As, Tania Buckrell Pos argues 'For Tatham, his Grand Tour absolutely defined the work he produced thereafter'. This is seen in his design for the Long Gallery. The positioning of the 4th Earl's Panini pictures in his elevations allude to this.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The Panini paintings, as Castle Howard's Curator, Chris Ridgway infers were commissioned by the 4th Earl following his second Grand Tour to Italy. The product of this commission were six capriccios which found a home in Castle Howard in 1741 and eventually six of them remain in the north end of Long Gallery today.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>To briefly define, a capriccio, is a picture which depicts an architectural fantasy of both real and fantastical archaeological ruins, buildings and often easily recognisable architectural features, for example, the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian order columns which Vitruvius' 'De Architectura' describes. The 4th Earl's Panini paintings which found its way into Tatham's design for the Long Gallery are primary examples of a capriccio. In Tatham appropriating these capriccio's for his design of the Long Gallery what does Tatham communicate about the intended purpose of this space?<\/p>\n<p>Panini's detailed renditions of stone along with the Long Gallery's faux marble and stone-painted walls may well have been to mimic a roman ruin. If so, why did Tatham design a room that performs as an exhibition of the Grand Tour experience?\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_56  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_37\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"909\" height=\"1157\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/PO0177-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"PO0177\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/PO0177-1.jpg 909w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/PO0177-1-480x611.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 909px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-365\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_43  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Three<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_38\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"412\" height=\"388\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Panini.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Panini\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Panini.png 412w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Panini-300x283.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px\" class=\"wp-image-598\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_44  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Four<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_36  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_57  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_45  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Thomas Rowlandson's satirical illustration <em>Young English gentleman with architect looking at plans while builders construct a stately home in the classical style<\/em> (1817) (Fig. Five) brilliantly, and rather neatly so, demonstrates a returning Grand Tourer and the spaces he constructs as a result of his experiences in Italy. This scene is echoed in Tatham's Long Gallery design for the 5th Earl.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Grand Tourers desired spaces for their collections of antiquities acquired during their travels. The Long Gallery is one such exhibition space which Tatham's proposed quartet of tables tell us as does Castle Howard's 1825 inventory which cemented the house as one of Britain's finest 'Treasure Houses'. The Long Gallery, prior to Tatham's interventions was a storage space, and now with Tatham's help it was a fashionable storage space - an exhibition space for the 4th and 5th Earls' antique and picture collections. Therefore, Tatham's Long Gallery is a performance of the Grand Tour education.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_37  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_58  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_39\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"421\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Thomas-Rowlandson.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Thomas Rowlandson\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Thomas-Rowlandson.png 740w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Thomas-Rowlandson-480x273.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 740px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-565\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_46  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Five<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_59  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_40\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"599\" height=\"487\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Rowlandson-close-up.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Rowlandson - close up\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Rowlandson-close-up.png 599w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Rowlandson-close-up-480x390.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 599px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-611\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_47  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Six<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_38  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_60  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_48  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><span style=\"font-size: 14px\">Figure six is a close up of Rowlandson's illustration. The young gentleman who raises a magnifying glass to his architect's plans inspects a similar structure to Tatham's Long Gallery. Rowlandson's elevation features a central octagon and a north and south gallery. Granted, the structure of a 'long gallery' remains true to its name, it is a long narrow space, but it is still a worthwhile observation.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14px\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Now, we must turn to the figures in Rowlandson's image. They are remarkably similar to Jackson's 1810 study of the 5th Earl and his son who stand admiring Tatham's Long Gallery (Fig. Seven). Of course, Jackson paints the gallery studiously and therefore, we can assume the pose of the 5th Earl who is painted in a connoisseurly pose is in keeping with his character. This being true, it illustrates that Tatham's Long Gallery was attempting to perform as a sculpture and picture gallery displaying the Howard's vast art collections. The Long Gallery 'performs' this function since Tatham renovates an existing long gallery space which had criminally only been decorated in a 'builder's finish'.\u00a0<span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>So, what does this mean for Tatham's Long Gallery? Was it in fact, always designed as a display space for a collection? Does this explain the 1988 'peach puff' redecoration and its aesthetic realignment to nearby Newby Hall's pink-painted statue gallery, of which previous blogs have addressed?<span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_61  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_41\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"701\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Jackson-Painting-7th-blog.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Jackson Painting - 7th blog\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Jackson-Painting-7th-blog.png 827w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Jackson-Painting-7th-blog-480x407.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 827px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-566\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_49  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Seven<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_39  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_62  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_50  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Sixth Blog<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Castle Howard, Long Gallery Architectural Paint Analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Paint analysis completed by Jane Davies Conservation<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><strong>janedaviesconservation.co.uk<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>When we received the digital archive to begin this study, we saw a variety of interesting information about the Long Gallery and its history. We noticed that when we combed through photographic images, it was difficult to date when the images were taken. Throughout the photos we saw that the furniture was periodically moved, removed and then returned to the space. Being able to order the images into some chronological arrangement became important. This led us to the paint analysis.<\/p>\n<p>When we first saw the paint analysis we did not initially grasp how important it would be to our research. Upon closer inspection we could see that it might offer significant insight to the changes that have taken place in the Long Gallery since its inception and also help us understand when furniture was moved and conserved.<\/p>\n<p>The architectural paint analysis project in the Long Gallery was undertaken in 2012 with the aim of figuring out how to return the space to C.H Tatham\u2019s original design. The end product was a carefully documented set of samples taken from around the Long Gallery and accompanying microscopic images. In this blog post I will include a survey of what was made available to us for our research.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_40  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_63  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_42\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"777\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6328.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_6328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6328.jpg 777w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6328-480x242.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 777px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-463\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_41  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_64  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_51  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Upon viewing the chart above, you will find that there are five eras of the Long Gallery, clearly delineated by wall colour (base molding, arch molding and ceiling are distinguished as well).<\/p>\n<p>In 1801 the walls were in painted in what is described as a \u201cstone\/buff colour\u201d that contains oxide earth and a course black pigment. During this period, the moldings, base boards and ceiling were painted in shades of white. This period of the room is before any decorative interior decisions had been made or were executed and likely has no bearing on Tatham\u2019s vision for the space. Beyond microscopic paint analysis there is no way for us to imagine how the Long Gallery looked in this period.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_42  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_65  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_43\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"738\" height=\"508\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6325.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_6325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6325.jpg 738w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6325-480x330.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 738px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-461\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_43  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_66  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_52  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Around 1811 the Long Gallery and Tatham\u2019s plan for it begins to take shape. The wall face is covered with a laborious painting technique that is hard to visualize. First, the walls were painted with an oil rich undercoat in \u201cCarbon Black\u201d. Over the black, a layer of \u201coff-white\u201d is applied that contains both yellow and white pigments. The look of the walls in this period likely appeared a warm gray colour that had some variations in tone due to the bleed through of the black undercoat. Attempting to reproduce this process would require a series of tests and pigment consultations to understand the durability of this method and what it would have looked like.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_44  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_67  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_44\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"673\" height=\"263\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6331.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_6331\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6331.jpg 673w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6331-480x188.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 673px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-464\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_45  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_68  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_53  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>The base boards in this period use a considerably more complicated method. The skirting was painted with a faux finished marbling technique. This method was specifically designed to mimic the unique marble fireplace surrounds in the Long Gallery. The marble used in the fireplace is a rare marble described as \u201cfossil marble\u201d and contains the visible fossil remains of prehistoric creatures. Reproducing the appearance of the marble would have posed a significant challenge as well as wide variety of pigments. The pigments used to achieve the effect include gray, black, white, red lead, vermilion and a series of varnishes in \u201cpinky gray\u201d (refer to the images above to understand the appearance of the marble and what evidence was found on the wall of the faux finish). It should be assumed that the remnant of the paint left on the skirting does not appear the way it did in 1811. \u00a0It is unlikely that the entirety of the paint and the layers of over-glaze survived for the paint analysis to be able to interpret. Attempting to reproduce this effect would also require sample testing and pigment analysis before trying to execute in the space.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_46  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_69  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_45\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"812\" height=\"454\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6338.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_6338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6338.jpg 812w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6338-480x268.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 812px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-465\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_47  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_70  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_54  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>The arch moldings around 1811 were painted in an \u201coff-white stone colour\u201d and the ceilings were painted white. This iteration of the Long Gallery was conveniently documented in the c.1810 painting by John Jackson. The wall colours and paint techniques in this period would have been the selections chosen by Tatham for The Long Gallery.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_48  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_71  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_46\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"527\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6435.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_6435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6435.jpg 827w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6435-480x306.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 827px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-631\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_49  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_72  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_55  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>In \u201c1885 or 1889\u201d the Long Gallery underwent a complete transformation. The walls were covered over with hand-printed woodblock wallpaper designed by William Morris called <em>Red Sunflower<\/em>. The baseboards and arch moldings were painted in a \u201cdeep red\u201d to compliment the wallpaper. The cornices and ceiling remained off-white. This is the first period that is well documented with photographic evidence and can be viewed in the <em>Historic Photos<\/em> section of this website.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_50  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_73  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_47\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"787\" height=\"415\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6326.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_6326\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6326.jpg 787w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6326-480x253.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 787px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-462\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_51  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_74  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_56  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>In 1952 the wallpaper was removed from the walls, making way for a \u2018pale green\u201d colour and the moldings were painted an off-white. This was a stark contrast from the dark interior created with the William Morris wallpaper and is also well documented in the <em>Historic Photos<\/em> section of this website.<\/p>\n<p>The last iteration of the Long Gallery is the one that can still be seen today. In 1988 the walls were painting in a colour called \u201cpeach puff\u201d. The colour covers the base boards and arch moldings. The cornices and ceiling were painted white and carved details were eventuated with gilded accents.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_52  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_75  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_48\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"828\" height=\"931\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6354.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_6354\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6354.jpg 828w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6354-480x540.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 828px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-467\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_76  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_49\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"923\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6353.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_6353\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6353.jpg 827w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6353-480x536.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 827px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-466\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_53  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_77  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_57  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Take a close look at the images of the paint analysis included within this post and please scroll through the other pages of this website (this page using the 1988 <em>Peach Puff<\/em> colour). We made the decision early on that the backgrounds of the pages should reflect the various wall colours and textures the Long Gallery has had since its construction.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_54  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_78  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_58  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Fifth Blog<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>The Elevation, the Paintings and the Table<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In Tatham\u2019s architectural elevations for the Long Gallery, plate III (<em>The Chimney Side of the Gallery as finished<\/em>) (Fig. One) and plate II (<em>Plan and Section of the Gallery at Castle Howard, forming the West Wing of the Castle, with the Museum and Chapel.) <\/em>(Fig. Two), an anchoring piece of furniture is present \u2013 a table, or rather, a series of tables. Four in fact. \u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px\"><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_55  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_79  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_50\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"285\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Finished.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Finished\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Finished.png 285w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Finished-274x300.png 274w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\" class=\"wp-image-234\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_59  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. One<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_80  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_51\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG-2-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"FIG 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG-2-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG-2-1280x854.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG-2-980x653.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG-2-480x320.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2560px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-393\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_60  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Two<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_56  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_81  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_61  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Upon initial inspection these tables (Fig. Three) are unusual, yet distinctly so. Their maker and provenance remains under question, except that the tables are 'in the manner of Henry Flitcroft'. The table in question (Fig. Four) boasts an impressive mottled black and white Peterhead granite top supported by four sturdy stoic-gazed mythical eagle monopodia. The specific type of granite was identified by Sotheby's in their 2011 valuation of the Long Gallery collections. The stylings of this table will be returned to in due course. In the meantime, it is imperative to describe our initial encounters with this table and the questions we asked.<\/p>\n<p>Approaching this table we became rather puzzled. Consulting Castle Howard's database we found a photograph of a table (Fig. Four) which looked like an exact match for Tatham's quartet of tables lining both the north and south ends. Yet, in this moment we could not help feeling as if our finding was tainted by an unsettling sensation; we became troubled by the photographed table's gilding.<\/p>\n<p>The photograph, if unedited, depicts the table with a garishly overly-saturated gold gilding which did not seem age appropriate, nor did it\u2019s messily applied brown-painted apron (to mimic ebony wood perhaps). With this, we asked:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li>Was this tables victim of a recent, and messy, re-gild? If, so did this apply to it's three counterpart tables, of course assuming that Tatham's quartet were all made?<\/li>\n<li>Looking at this photograph, was this table a modern reproduction placed in the Long Gallery to replicate Tatham\u2019s elevations for present visitors? If, so when was this table placed in the Long Gallery and where did the tables come from?<\/li>\n<li>Or, is in fact, the table original and it was photographed badly?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To answer these questions we consulted paintings and prints of the Long Gallery from 1810 to present day. This was in an effort to find out whether Tatham's proposed tables were ever arranged in the Long Gallery. As well, this would help us question whether the photographed table was in fact an original piece of Tatham's design for the gallery.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_57  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_82  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_52\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"621\" height=\"565\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG-3-CLOSE-UP-OF-2.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"FIG 3 - CLOSE UP OF 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG-3-CLOSE-UP-OF-2.png 621w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG-3-CLOSE-UP-OF-2-480x437.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 621px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-396\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_83  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_53\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2272\" height=\"1335\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"FIG 4\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG-4.jpg 2272w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG-4-1280x752.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG-4-980x576.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG-4-480x282.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2272px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-397\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_58  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_84  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_62  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Three<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_85  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column et_pb_column_empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_86  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_63  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Four<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_59  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_87  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_64  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Visiting the Long Gallery, as recalled, was an experience that posed more questions than answers, notions which Luckhurt\u2019s text theorises. However, on this occasion the mystery of the Tatham tables was answered, or at least partly.<\/p>\n<p>Castle Howard\u2019s careful curation of John Jackson\u2019s oil painting, <em>Conversation piece in the sunlit Long Gallery, where the ageing Lord Carlisle contemplates, in the company of his youngest son, Henry Howard, an unidentified painting on an easel<\/em> (1810) (Fig. Five) was imperative in our understanding of the Long Gallery. Jackson's 1810 painting is a rich source of evidence primarily because it records Tatham's design for the Long Gallery in colour (a luxury not afforded to Tatham's 1811 prints).<\/p>\n<p>The Yorkshire-born, John Jackson R.A. may be a little known portrait painter today, but on this occasion his studiously painted and charming oil painting triumphs. Commissioned by the 5th Earl to mark the completion of the Long Gallery, Jackson paints the 5th Earl contemplating Tatham's redesign of the Long Gallery. A minute detail, but the 5th Earl rests his hand (and therefore manages his posture in old age) on a well crafted chair. This is an allusion to Tatham's design for the Long Gallery - a space where pictures and sculpture were harmoniously married with furniture. This, of course is demonstrated in Tatham's 1811 elevations where the quartet of tables framed antique objects which Jackson also neatly paints.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Jackson's 1810 study of the Long Gallery categorically tells us that in the 1810s Tatham's eagled-emblazoned tables were in fact present in the Long Gallery. This is backed up by Jackson's reputation as a painter who paints impeccable detail. For example, the artist painted a copy of 'the Three Mary's by Annibal Caracci' at Castle Howard with 'considerable success' whilst under the patronage of the Howard's. Jackson clearly paints the Long Gallery with the same finely attuned eye. It is no wonder that Jackson's painting is now used as a curatorial aid to show visitors Tatham's design of the Long Gallery.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Acknowledging Jackson\u2019s painting of the south end (plate III of Tatham\u2019s elevations) of the gallery, it encouraged us to scrutinise other pictures of the Long Gallery. Notably, we stumbled upon Thomas Heathfield Carrick\u2019s undated watercolour portrait on porcelain of the 7th Earl of Carlisle (Fig. Seven). The 7th Earl stands in the central octagon of the gallery with the table in question in the background. Carrick, chiefly a portrait painter, paints the table slightly auricular, animated and caricaturable, but it remains a recognisable study nevertheless. This portrait is undated. However, Carrick's portrait was reproduced in mezzotint by Samuel Bellin in 1844 (Fig. Eight). Therefore, Carrick's portrait of the 7th Earl and the table would have been painted in the early 1840s dictating the tables' presence in the south end of the gallery remained strong some thirty years after Jackson's study. Since, Bellin was the most respected printmaker of the time and friends with the likes of JMW Turner, his reproduction of Carrick's portrait would have been a well-known sight and therefore so would have been Tatham's table and Long Gallery.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_88  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_54\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"671\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/image.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"The Long Gallery - Castle Howard\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/image.jpg 800w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/image-480x403.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 800px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-174\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_65  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Five<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_55\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"630\" height=\"616\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Jackson-close-up-table.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Jackson - close up table\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Jackson-close-up-table.png 630w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Jackson-close-up-table-480x469.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 630px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-547\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_66  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Six<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_60  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_89  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_67  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Of course, during the creative tenure of Rosalind, Countess Carlisle (wife of the 9th Earl), this saw the Long Gallery redecorated in richly patterned William Morris wallpaper and vastly different furniture suiting societal taste. Yet, from postcards (see 'Historic Photos of The Long Gallery' page) we have deduced that two of these tables were returned to the Long Gallery, most probably in the 1980s.<\/p>\n<p>Plotting the table's presence in history has determined that Tatham's elevations are partly accurate; therefore, what of the tables' purpose in the Long Gallery?\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_61  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_90  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_56\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1412\" height=\"1769\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/05\/IMG_1286.jpeg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_1286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/05\/IMG_1286.jpeg 1412w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/05\/IMG_1286-1280x1604.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/05\/IMG_1286-980x1228.jpeg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/05\/IMG_1286-480x601.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1412px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-24\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_68  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Seven<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_91  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_57\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1032\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG.-8-1.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"FIG. 8\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG.-8-1.png 1032w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG.-8-1-980x950.png 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/FIG.-8-1-480x465.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1032px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-571\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_69  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Eight<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_62  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_92  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_70  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Establishing that the table in Tatham\u2019s elevations is in fact, the table present in the Long Gallery in 1810, the 1840s and nowadays, we could now analyse these tables as original pieces. Now, we could finally address the table's gilding and purpose.<\/p>\n<p>The gilding of these tables had been a contentious issue in our investigation brought on by the poor-quality photograph of the table that we first encountered. This spurred us to ask when the last major gilding operation took place. Mapping out a timeline of these tables' presence in the Long Gallery it became clear that two of these tables were positioned in the south end of the gallery (with Jackson's 1810 painting placed adjacent) in the 1980s following the design of the Countess. The curation of the Long Gallery in the 1980s was a clue to the tables' gilding.<\/p>\n<p>1988 saw the dulux paint, aptly named 'peach puff' applied to the walls of the Long Gallery. Yet, the 2012 paint analysis of the Long Gallery revealed that whilst the walls were painted 'peach puff', the cornices, ceiling and consoles of the space also received the same bold interventions seeing them being painted a white hue and segments of these areas being gilded. This was the first time in the history of Tatham's Long Gallery design that gilding had been applied to these areas. Therefore, it is only logical to deduce that in this redecoration scheme (in what we can now call an effort to curate the Long Gallery according to Jackson) that the tables were re-gilded at this time.<\/p>\n<p>But, what of the proposed quartet series of these tables?<\/p>\n<p>In Tatham's elevations (plates II and III) he proposed a quartet of the same table designed in the manner of Henry Flitcroft that spanned both the north and south ends of the Long Gallery. Yet, visiting the Long Gallery, only two of these tables are present. They sit comfortably in the south end of the gallery. Conveniently, the south end was painted by Jackson and Carrick illustrating the presence of at least two of these tables. These artists painted the south end of the Long Gallery not for folly but since according to Tatham it was the 'finished' section of the gallery and therefore had to be painted. Therefore, since the north end of the Long Gallery (leading to the chapel) was 'unfinished', the north end was not afforded the luxury of these tables. Thus, it is not unwise to state that only two of these tables were made and that the pendant pair never existed, and therefore neither did the proposed set of four. This is of course assuming that these tables were designed and made for Tatham's design of the Long Gallery, and that they were not tables already in the 5th Earl's extensive art collection. Considering that these tables are prominent pieces in Tatham's design we can conclude that these tables were to be made exclusively for the Long Gallery as a stamp of Tatham's design flair. Plus, it is safe to conclude that the quartet of tables was intended to be made by Tatham's brother the prolific furniture maker, Thomas Tatham of 'Marsh and Tatham', as the furniture firm was known from 1803 to 1811. As a hypothesis this is strong since Thomas Tatham's reputation as a furniture maker was prominent. Thomas Tatham supplied furniture to the Royal Pavilion and the Prince Regent's household. To add, in the 1825 inventory of Castle Howard undertaken for the 5th Earl there is no mention of a set of four tables in the Long Gallery at all.<\/p>\n<p>Knowing this, what was the supposed purpose for these two tables in the south end of the Long Gallery?<\/p>\n<p>Presently, the two tables in the south end only serve to curate Jackson's depiction of the Long Gallery as it looked like in 1810 to the 1840s. However, historically these tables as drawn in Tatham's elevations were meant to act as pedestals displaying antiquities such as vases and urns as seen in figure three. The 1825 inventory for the Long Gallery details a vast collection of antiquities of small size which could be safely placed atop these tables; these are listed as: 'An Urn of Green Porphyry, Two urns of Oriental Alabaster, One large urn of Egyptian granite, A small statue of Minerva, the Body helmet &amp; shield in touchstone - the drapery oriental Alabaster'. But, why were these tables placed in the Long Gallery to display antiquities?<\/p>\n<p>If the tables were designed specifically to display the 5th Earl's large antiques collection, then what was the intended function of the Long Gallery? Did Tatham design the Long Gallery to function as a picture, and or, a sculpture gallery?\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_63  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_93  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_71  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Interestingly, the 1988 'peach puff' painting of the Long Gallery's walls is remarkably similar to the nearby, Newby Hall's (Ripon, North Yorkshire) statue gallery (Fig. Nine), is this more than a coincidence? Did the powers that be of Castle Howard in the late 1980s believe Tatham's Long Gallery was designed as a sculpture gallery and painted it accordingly to align to Newby Hall's famously pink statue hall? As a theory, it is worth exploring.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>To successfully answer these questions, particularly the latter, we must study the etymology of 'long gallery' to once again, attempt to deduce Tatham's Long Gallery elevations, design and the Long Gallery's subsequent evolving appearances. Studying this table in relation to its historical presence, its appearance, purpose and its correspondence to Tatham's 1811 elevations has at least directed this enquiry.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_94  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_58\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1013\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Newby-Hall-Statue-Hall.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Newby Hall - Statue Hall\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Newby-Hall-Statue-Hall.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Newby-Hall-Statue-Hall-1280x720.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Newby-Hall-Statue-Hall-980x552.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Newby-Hall-Statue-Hall-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1800px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-578\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_72  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Fig. Nine<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_64  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_95  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_73  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Fourth Blog<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Paintings by Giovanni Paolo Panini<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In C.H. Tatham\u2019s original elevation images, he takes the time to carefully render the paintings and art objects that would appear in the final arrangement of the room. Among those paintings are a series of large fantastical images created by, Italian artist, Giovanni Paolo Panini (1691-1765). In the paintings, Panini renders a romantic vision of Ancient Roman ruins in dappled light, surrounded in overgrowth. The ruins are not intended to recreate the Rome that existed in the period these paintings were commissioned (c.1738-1740) by Henry Howard, 4th Earl of Carlisle. Instead of showing this decaying space as empty and abandoned, Panini depicts a Classical Era community living alongside a series of dramatic classical marble sculptures.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_65  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_96  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_59\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"898\" height=\"1157\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/PO0173-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/PO0173-1.jpg 898w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/PO0173-1-480x618.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 898px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-364\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_74  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em>A Roman Capriccio<\/em> by Giovanni Paolo Panini c.1738<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_97  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_60\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"909\" height=\"1157\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/PO0177-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/PO0177-1.jpg 909w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/PO0177-1-480x611.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 909px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-365\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_75  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>A Roman Capriccio<\/em> by Giovanni Paolo Panini c.1740<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_66  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_98  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_76  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Today only two of the four paintings by Panini remain in The Long Gallery, but they are a significant part to the overall mood of the space. The paintings also beg the question of why these paintings were so important to Tatham\u2019s design, and why did the 4th Earl commission them for Castle Howard? Perhaps we can answer these questions by looking at two of Panini\u2019s most influential works. \u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_67  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_99  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_61\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"927\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/main-image.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/main-image.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/main-image-980x757.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/main-image-480x371.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-367\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_77  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em>Ancient Rome<\/em> by Giovanni Paolo Panini c.1757<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_100  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_62\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"928\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/main-image-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/main-image-1.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/main-image-1-980x758.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/main-image-1-480x371.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1200px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-368\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_78  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em>Modern Rome<\/em> by Giovanni Paolo Panini c.1757<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_68  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_101  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_79  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>In 1753, Giovanni Paolo Panini created two of his most important paintings <em>Ancient Rome<\/em> and <em>Modern Rome<\/em>. They were commissioned by the French Ambassador to Rome, \u00c9tienne-Francois de Choiseul Stainville. Both paintings are set in a massive classical gallery that is overflowing with paintings and sculptures. In <em>Ancient Rome<\/em>, the space is filled with images that depict iconic sites of the ancient city, like the Pantheon, Colosseum and Trajan\u2019s Column. Two figures that are often identified as Panini and his patron, Stainville, explore the room as if checking sites off in their guidebook while two young artists sketch the wonders on display.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><span>[1]<\/span><\/a> The companion piece, <em>Modern Rome,<\/em> reveals the same space filled with masterworks by Bernini, Michelangelo and other icons from the Baroque and Renaissance periods. These paintings were so successful that between 1754 and 1757 Panini created three nearly identical versions of each<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><span>[2]<\/span><\/a>. <em>Ancient Rome<\/em> is an incredible work of art often considered as an example of how The Grand Tour ignited interest in archeological sites and art collecting. The paintings also suggest the influence cature had on Panini\u2019s work. Caricature was originally designating an overloaded gun on the deck of a ship but later acquired a secondary meaning representing an exaggerated image.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><span>[3]<\/span><\/a> The paintings are farfetched exaggerations composed as romantic fantasy. Many significant artworks were collected by wealthy art dealers, princes, cardinals, and popes. The pieces shown in <em>Ancient Rome<\/em> were likely never held in a single location, and in some cases the paintings included in the scene never existed. Panini\u2019s choice to use the same fictional space in <em>Ancient Rome<\/em> and <em>Modern Rome<\/em> is an acknowledgement that they were imagined vignettes that adapted caricature\u2019s abounding foundation to the image of a gallery in Rome during The Grand Tour.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps the space enclosed by dramatic ruins in Panini\u2019s paintings served as far more than just one component of a larger room? Maybe they offer insight to the intended function of The Long Gallery? The space in Panini\u2019s paintings is lined with classical sculpture and is illuminated by beams of natural light from one side of the space. Could it be possible that Tatham intended to bring these paintings into the real world when he drew out his design for The Long Gallery?<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><span>[1]<\/span><\/a> Xavier F. Salomon, \u201cAncient Rome,\u201d metmuseum.org, 2011, https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/437244.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><span>[2]<\/span><\/a> Salomon, <em>Ancient Rome<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><span>[3]<\/span><\/a> Randall Davies and Geoffrey Holme, <em>Caricature of to-Day<\/em> (London, UK: Studio Ltd., 1928) 1.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_69  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_2_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_102  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_80  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Third Blog<\/span><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Roman Revival Stools<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As the digital research project began and we sorted through the substantial quantity of archival material we were provided, many questions came to mind. We began trying to strategize a method to answer our questions and turned to the furniture shown in C.H. Tatham\u2019s elevation images (printed in 1811) and relating them to items that remain in The Long Gallery or elsewhere in the collection at Castle Howard.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_63\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1052\" height=\"638\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6292.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6292.jpg 1052w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6292-980x594.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6292-480x291.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1052px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-351\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_3 et_pb_column et_pb_column_103  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_64\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2241\" height=\"1685\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_1287.jpeg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_1287.jpeg 2241w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_1287-1280x962.jpeg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_1287-980x737.jpeg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_1287-480x361.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2241px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-349\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_81  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>One of the images that Assistant Curator, Eleanor Brook-Peat provided was an image of seven small wooden stools. The stools currently reside in storage but are clearly seen in Tatham\u2019s engraved image of <em>The Chimney Side of the Gallery as Finished<\/em>. The chairs are distinctive in their simplistic design but how and why did Tatham design these chairs for The Long Gallery?<\/p>\n<p>To trace the origin of the stools we began trying to understand the inspiration for The Long Gallery. The design is substantially different than other rooms at Castle Howard. In fact, the neo-classical, Palladian (1801-1811) addition stands out in the architectural landscape of the building in general. The shift in design plan must have been for some specific reason\u2026<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_70  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_104  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_82  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Late in the eighteenth century, wealthy Englishmen returning from the Grand Tour aimed to have their experiences abroad manifested in their homes. Creating spaces that embodied the knowledge that came back with required evidence such as antiquities from ancient Rome, paintings of locations they had visited and even portraits of themselves as classical figures. Bringing back treasures like these created a demand for spaces that would conjure the memory of touring Italy.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_71  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_105  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_65\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"549\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6074.jpeg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6074.jpeg 827w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6074-480x319.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 827px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-352\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_66\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1150\" height=\"974\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-01-at-4.20.47-PM.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Screen Shot 2021-07-01 at 4.20.47 PM\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-01-at-4.20.47-PM.jpg 1150w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-01-at-4.20.47-PM-980x830.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-07-01-at-4.20.47-PM-480x407.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) 1150px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-739\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_106  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_67\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"827\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6075.jpeg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6075.jpeg 827w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6075-480x353.jpeg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 827px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-353\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_72  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_4_4 et_pb_column et_pb_column_107  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_83  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>When the 4<sup>th<\/sup> Earl of Carlisle returned from his tour, he employed C.H. Tatham to create The Long Gallery because Tatham understood the experience of travel abroad. Tatham was fortunate to have been sponsored on Grand Tours in 1794 and 1796 to acquire antiquities for English collectors.<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><span>[1]<\/span><\/a> On his tour he sketched a wide array of the objects that he saw. One set of drawings he made during his visit to Rome included two small stools. The stools he drew were later recreated in prints. The first stool was made in marble and featured delicate carving that mimicked draped fabric. Tatham later recreated the stool with an example that now resides in the Victoria and Albert Museum. His version was made in wood with a faux marble painted finish (c.1800). The other stool, originally made in bronze, bears an uncanny resemblance to the ones made in wood for Castle Howard.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><span>[1]<\/span><\/a> Tania Buckrell Pos, \u201cTatham and Italy: Influances on English Neo-Classical Design,\u201d JSTOR (The Furniture History Society, 2002), http:\/\/www.jstor.com\/stable\/23409190, 67.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_73  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_108  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_68\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"1088\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6293.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"IMG_6293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6293.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6293-1280x995.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6293-980x762.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_6293-480x373.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1400px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-354\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_109  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_69\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_20210611_145706490-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_20210611_145706490-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_20210611_145706490-1280x960.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_20210611_145706490-980x735.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/IMG_20210611_145706490-480x360.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 2560px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-355\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_74  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_110  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column et_pb_column_empty\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_111  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_70\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"671\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/image.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/image.jpg 800w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/image-480x403.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 800px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-174\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_75  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_112  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_video et_pb_video_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_video_box\">\n\t\t\t\t<video controls>\n\t\t\t\t\t<source type=\"video\/mp4\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Long-Gallery-Video.mov\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<\/video><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_71\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1678\" height=\"2560\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/The_Long_Gallery_Castle_Howard_-_panoramio_1-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/The_Long_Gallery_Castle_Howard_-_panoramio_1-scaled.jpg 1678w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/The_Long_Gallery_Castle_Howard_-_panoramio_1-1280x1953.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/The_Long_Gallery_Castle_Howard_-_panoramio_1-980x1495.jpg 980w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/The_Long_Gallery_Castle_Howard_-_panoramio_1-480x732.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) and (max-width: 980px) 980px, (min-width: 981px) and (max-width: 1280px) 1280px, (min-width: 1281px) 1678px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-242\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_113  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_84  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Second Blog<\/span><strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>The Long Gallery: Personal reflection\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\">\u201cThe Long Gallery is finished with great taste and judgement; large and black curtains occupy the door-way which leads to the octagon and have an uncommonly good effect\u201d - 5th Duke of Rutland, 1813.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Whilst the 5th Duke of Rutland\u2019s words ring true of Tatham\u2019s Long Gallery, I was still surprised at how ostentatiously airy and bright I found the Long Gallery to be. Of course, this is in part true because one must walk through the busy and loud (if not, beautiful) wallpapered Turquoise Drawing Room (a space which also struck the Rutland\u2019s in 1796), as well as passing through Castle Howard\u2019s masterly-decorated Great Hall.<\/p>\n<p>The Great Hall, in contrast to Tatham\u2019s Long Gallery is a space which is boldly defined by its monolithic dome adorned with its Antonio Pellegrini paintings and its exterior towering presence, visible to all who approach the house. The Long Gallery is not decorated by Pellegrini and as a space its interior dimensions cannot immediately be identified by an approaching walker, for the Long Gallery chiefly exists as a feat of interior design firmly encased by the house\u2019s exterior shell. However, despite the Long Gallery\u2019s ostentatiously airy and bright atmosphere this does not reflect my initial welcome to the space, but rather my experience once the space and I had established each others\u2019 motives. This is not to say, because of a flaw in the architectural design of the Long Gallery but rather, it is rooted in our present-day understanding of the corridor-like space.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, to pass from the Turquoise Drawing Room, through the Museum Room and to stand at the doorway looking down the Long Gallery, I was met by a long thin space which did not seem entirely at ease. Upon reflection, this quick judgement was a translation of my anxieties of how I should approach, walk through and feel comfortable in this space. These questions I wrongfully overlaid onto the Long Gallery at first meeting \u2013 in fact, the Long Gallery is a wonderful space. Yet, my feeling of anxiety in meeting this space is in part a concern of the Long Gallery appearing as a long thin passage to another room, in what resembles a corridor. Roger Luckhurst\u2019s <em>Corridors: Passages of Modernity<\/em> (2019) aims to tackle why I (and others) may feel, firstly, a bewildering of how to navigate this space, and secondly, why this space can feel disjointed, lost and even redundant with no fixed purpose (a theme that will dominate our investigation). As such, Luckhurt will inform the research content thereon. To paraphrase a key moment in Luckhurt\u2019s text the word \u2018corridor\u2019 became mainstream in Britain with Lord Byron\u2019s <em>The Corsair <\/em>(1814), with Bryon writing: \u2018He pass\u2019d the portal, cross\u2019d the corridor\/And reach\u2019d the chamber\u2019. Until then the word \u2018corridor\u2019 had previously been (to quote Sir John Vanbrugh in 1716, architect of Castle Howard) a \u201cforeign\u201d word.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, watch the short video accompanying this post and ask yourself how would you approach, walk through and navigate this space? Would you, when crossing the corridor save time to look at the hanging pictures, furniture and painted walls or would you walk quickly in the belief that at the other end a destination appears?<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, how do we occupy this space and how does this question (and perhaps, anxiety) correlate to Tatham\u2019s design for the Long Gallery (elevations and actual design)? If my initial bewilderment of how I should enter this space is anything short of common, then does this help us explain the Long Gallery's ever-evolving appearances?<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_row et_pb_row_76  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_row\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_114  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_text et_pb_text_85  et_pb_text_align_left et_pb_bg_layout_light\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">First Blog\u00a0<\/span><strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>An investigation of Castle Howard's Long Gallery starts by quite literally standing at one end of the gallery wondering how one should navigate it. Does one walk straight through it following the floor boards and using the windows' jets of light as route markers; or does one stroll within its tunnel, or rather does one contemplate the gallery's environment demanding a staccato walking pace where at regular intervals one longingly (and, perhaps dutifully) inspects the furniture and pictures? What does the Long Gallery want us to see? How do we occupy this space?<\/p>\n<p>Chiefly, what was the Long Gallery's designer, Charles Heathcote Tatham's (1772-1842) intentions for the Long Gallery and what was this space's original appearance for it has seen many a fa\u00e7ade since the 5th Earl's interventions? However, as we shall briefly detail, Tatham's imprint on the Long Gallery is questionable and at times simply non-existent, a stark contrast to his boldly declarative architectural elevations published in <em>The gallery at Castle Howard, in Yorkshire; the seat of the Earl of Carlisle, K. G. &amp;c. &amp;c. &amp;c.<\/em> (1811). In our first blog we will introduce our questions and observations over this ostentatious, vain yet deeply complex and obliging space whose appearance changes at a rate which warrants serious investigation.<\/p>\n<p>Initial observations and questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C.H. Tatham's 1811 elevations of The Long Gallery are beautiful to look at; they are incredibly delicate prints. The elevation uses precise linework to tell the viewer what is there and no more, for instance, a stool is a stool for the elevation makes it incredibly obvious that it is so. A stool is not shaded for this is would result in the stool being misinterpreted. This is seemingly so; yet upon closer inspection the elevations are deceiving and not in fact entirely truthful at all. Plates III and IV are titled \"as finished\" and sit alongside Plate II. Plate II is a muddled elevation mixing the reality of what we can see today as a visitor against hopeful design, and again, labels dictate \"unfinished\" and \"finished\". How do Tatham's 1811 elevations correlate to The Long Gallery therefore, both now, its former appearances and uses? Why publish \"unfinished\" designs; and how did this characterise The Long Gallery? Did Tatham's muddled elevations secure the gallery's evolving appearances and unclear purpose through history?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>There are a series of seats along the wall of The Long Gallery in the original elevations. These chairs are still in the collection of Castle Howard, yet not currently on view in the space. These objects are undoubtedly based on chairs seen by Tatham during his travels to Italy to collect antiquities for clients, late in the eighteenth century. Tatham showed particular interest in similar ones from Vatican Collection and made drawings of them. These chairs are a direct link to the design choices Tatham made Castle Howard.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_d4_element et_pb_column_1_2 et_pb_column et_pb_column_115  et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode et-last-child et_block_column\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_72\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_73\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"292\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Chimney-side-as-finished.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Chimney side as finished\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Chimney-side-as-finished.png 724w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Chimney-side-as-finished-480x194.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 724px, 100vw\" class=\"wp-image-233\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_74\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"285\" height=\"312\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Finished.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Finished\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Finished.png 285w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Finished-274x300.png 274w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\" class=\"wp-image-234\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"et_pb_module et_d4_element et_pb_image et_pb_image_75\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap \"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"327\" height=\"354\" src=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Unfinished.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Unfinished\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Unfinished.png 327w, https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/218\/2021\/06\/Unfinished-277x300.png 277w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" class=\"wp-image-235\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":886164,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-167","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/167","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/886164"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=167"}],"version-history":[{"count":260,"href":"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/167\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":879,"href":"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/167\/revisions\/879"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/castlehowardthelonggallery.commons.bgc.bard.edu\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=167"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}